Welcome to my blog on surgery and related sciences. Here I will express views on the art and science of surgery in general. Any comments and thoughts are most welcomed.

Friday 27 September 2013

Lymph nodes in colon cancer

For patients undergoing curative resections for colon cancer, the nodal status (presence or not of metastatic cells in the lymph nodes) represents the strongest prognostic factor, yet at the same time it is one of the most disputed issues as well in colorectal cancer staging. We have investigated this topic over the past several years (see references 1-6 listed below).

You can read the fulltext article on qualitative and quantitative aspects of lymph nodes in colon cancer here.
reproduced from Veen et al. Dig Surg, 2013


As a consequence of this ongoing dispute, the qualitative and quantitative aspects of lymph node evaluation are being scrutinized beyond the blunt distinction between 'node positive' (pN+) and 'node negative' (pN0) disease. 

Controversy ranges from a minimal or 'least-unit' strategy as exemplified by the 'sentinel node' (see f.ex. reference 3 below) to a maximally invasive or 'all inclusive' approach by extensive surgery. 
Ranging between these two extremes of node sampling strategies are factors of quantitative and qualitative value, which may be subject to modification. 

reproduced from Veen et al. Dig Surg, 2013.

Qualitative issues may include aspects of lymph node harvest reflected by surgeon, pathologist and even hospital performance, which all may be subject to modification. However, patient's age, gender and genotype may be non-modifiable, yet influence node sample. 

Quantitative issues may reflect the balance between absolute numbers and models investigating the relationships of positive to negative nodes (lymph node ratio; log odds of positive lymph nodes).

Read the full text article (link is available above) and let me know your opinion on this!

1: Berg M, Guriby M, Nordgård O, Nedrebø BS, Ahlquist TC, Smaaland R, Oltedal S, 
Søreide JA, Kørner H, Lothe RA, Søreide K. Influence of microsatellite
instability, KRAS and BRAF mutations on lymph node harvest in stage I-III colon
cancers. Mol Med. 2013 Aug 21. doi: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00049. [Epub ahead of
print] PubMed PMID: 23979710. 

2: Veen T, Nedrebø BS, Stormark K, Søreide JA, Kørner H, Søreide K. Qualitative
and Quantitative Issues of Lymph Nodes as Prognostic Factor in Colon Cancer. Dig 
Surg. 2013 Apr 10;30(1):1-11.  


3: Nordgård O, Oltedal S, Aasprong OG, Søreide JA, Søreide K, Tjensvoll K, Gilje 
B, Heikkilä R, Guriby M, Lothe RA, Smaaland R, Kørner H. Prognostic relevance of 
occult metastases detected by cytokeratin 20 and mucin 2 mRNA levels in sentinel 
lymph nodes from colon cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012 Nov;19(12):3719-26. 
doi: 10.1245/s10434-012-2454-8. Epub 2012 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 22752373. 


4: Søreide K. Lymph node evaluation for colon cancer. JAMA. 2011 Dec
28;306(24):2669; author reply 2669. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1882. PubMed PMID:
22203534. 


5: Nedrebø BS, Søreide K, Nesbakken A, Eriksen MT, Søreide JA, Kørner H;
Norwegian Colorectal Cancer Group. Risk factors associated with poor lymph node
harvest after colon cancer surgery in a national cohort. Colorectal Dis. 2013
Jun;15(6):e301-8. doi: 10.1111/codi.12245. PubMed PMID: 23582027. 


6: Søreide K, Nedrebø BS, Søreide JA, Slewa A, Kørner H. Lymph node harvest in
colon cancer: influence of microsatellite instability and proximal tumor
location. World J Surg. 2009 Dec;33(12):2695-703. doi: 10.1007/s00268-009-0255-4.
PubMed PMID: 19823901.